By changing their thoughts, people can change how they feel and what they do. Cognitive therapy emphasizes what people think rather than what they do.Ĭognitive therapists believe that it's dysfunctional thinking that leads to dysfunctional emotions or behaviors. One variation is cognitive-behavioral therapy, which focuses on both thoughts and behaviors.Ĭognitive therapy. Several variations have developed since behavior therapy's emergence in the 1950s. This type of learning relies on rewards and punishments to shape people's behavior. Thorndike, who discovered operant conditioning. " Desensitizing" is classical conditioning in action: A therapist might help a client with a phobia through repeated exposure to whatever it is that causes anxiety.Īnother important thinker was E.L. Pavlov's famous dogs, for example, began drooling when they heard their dinner bell, because they associated the sound with food. Ivan Pavlov made important contributions to behavior therapy by discovering classical conditioning, or associative learning. This approach focuses on learning's role in developing both normal and abnormal behaviors. While psychoanalysis is closely identified with Sigmund Freud, it has been extended and modified since his early formulations.īehavior therapy. Patients learn about themselves by exploring their interactions in the therapeutic relationship.
Psychoanalytically oriented therapies are characterized by a close working partnership between therapist and patient.
This approach focuses on changing problematic behaviors, feelings, and thoughts by discovering their unconscious meanings and motivations. Psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapies. Psychologists generally draw on one or more theories of psychotherapy.Ī theory of psychotherapy acts as a roadmap for psychologists: It guides them through the process of understanding clients and their problems and developing solutions.Īpproaches to psychotherapy fall into five broad categories:
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